Answering another top request: data validation in Apps Script
Google Apps Script is, first and foremost, a tool for making Google Apps more powerful — and today’s addition of programmatic control over data-validation rules in Google Sheets is a perfect example. For a quick demo, make a copy of this spreadsheet, then follow the instructions provided.
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For the last few months, scriptable access to the data validation feature in Sheets has been the most requested feature on the Apps Script issue tracker. A common use for data-validation rules is to require that a cell’s value match one of the values in a different range. The following example shows how to achieve that goal with Apps Script. First, we use the newDataValidation()
method to construct a DataValidationBuilder
, then set the appropriate options and apply the final DataValidation
with setDataValidation()
.
// Set the data-validation rule for cell A1 to require a value from B1:B10. var cell = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getRange('A1'); var range = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getRange('B1:B10'); var rule = SpreadsheetApp.newDataValidation().requireValueInRange(range) .build(); cell.setDataValidation(rule);
It’s also possible to modify existing data-validation rules. The next example changes rules that require a date in 2013 to require a date in 2014 instead. You’ll see that the script calls getDataValidations()
to retrieve the existing rules, then uses getCriteriaType()
, getCriteriaValues()
, and the DataValidationCriteria
enum to examine the rules before applying the new date restriction via the advanced withCriteria()
method.
// Change existing data-validation rules that require a date in 2013 // to require a date in 2014. var oldDates = [new Date('1/1/2013'), new Date('12/31/2013')]; var newDates = [new Date('1/1/2014'), new Date('12/31/2014')]; var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet(); var range = sheet.getRange(1, 1, sheet.getMaxRows(), sheet.getMaxColumns()); var rules = range.getDataValidations(); for (var i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) { for (var j = 0; j < rules[i].length; j++) { var rule = rules[i][j]; if (rule != null) { var criteria = rule.getCriteriaType(); var args = rule.getCriteriaValues(); if (criteria == SpreadsheetApp.DataValidationCriteria.DATE_BETWEEN && args[0].getTime() == oldDates[0].getTime() && args[1].getTime() == oldDates[1].getTime()) { rules[i][j] = rule.copy().withCriteria(criteria, newDates).build(); } } } } range.setDataValidations(rules);
With this new feature in Apps Script, you should find it much easier to manage complex data-validation scenarios. Please keep the feature requests coming!
![]() | Asim Fazal
profile Asim is a software engineer on the Google Sheets team in New York — and an enthusiastic occasional contributor to the Apps Script team. |